{"id":6114,"date":"2023-09-01T12:56:41","date_gmt":"2023-09-01T09:56:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.pentimenti.lt\/?p=6114"},"modified":"2024-04-21T19:27:54","modified_gmt":"2024-04-21T16:27:54","slug":"home-inspirations-how-to-read-delftware","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.pentimenti.lt\/lt\/home-inspirations-how-to-read-delftware\/","title":{"rendered":"Kaip atpa\u017einti Delfto keramik\u0105?"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

\u00a0<\/p>

XVII a. pabaigoje, pa\u010diame oland\u0173 keramikos gamybos \u012fkar\u0161tyje, Delfto mieste veik\u0117 ne ma\u017eiau nei 33 keramikos dirbtuv\u0117s. Keramikos \u017eiedimo ir degimo procesas nuo molio paruo\u0161imo iki galutinio produkto atv\u0117sinimo ir paruo\u0161imo prekybai u\u017etrukdavo iki dviej\u0173 savai\u010di\u0173.<\/p>

\"\"
\u2018De gever\u2019 (Padavin\u0117tojas), i\u0161 Gerrit Paape, De plateelbakkerij of Delftsch aardewerkmaaker<\/em>, 1794.<\/figcaption><\/figure>

Tradicin\u0117 Delfto keramika buvo gaminama naudojant molio mi\u0161in\u012f sudaryt\u0105 i\u0161 vietinio molio, tir\u0161tesnio voki\u0161ko molio ir sauso mergelio i\u0161 Turn\u0117 regiono Flandrijoje arba Anglijos. Prie\u0161 glaz\u016bravim\u0105, molio gaminiai tur\u0117jo pereiti pirmin\u012f i\u0161degim\u0105. Krosniak\u016briai \u012fkaitindavo krosnis iki temperat\u016bros siekian\u010dios 800-1000\u00b0C. Dirbiniai degimo metu tapdavo tvirti ir \u012fgaudavo \u0161viesiai rusv\u0105 atspalv\u012f. Tada jie b\u016bdavo pilnai panardinami \u012f balt\u0105 neskaidri\u0105 alavo glaz\u016br\u0105 ir toliau dekoruojami spalvotais pigmentais pagal meistro sumanym\u0105.<\/p>

Garsusis m\u0117lynas pigmentas da\u017enai sutinkamas Delfto keramikoje \u2013 tai kobalto oksidas, kuris buvo i\u0161gaunamas Vokietijoje. Tik u\u017eteptas ant balta glaz\u016bra dengto keramikos dirbinio jis atrod\u0117 tamsiai pilkas, ta\u010diau antrojo degimo metu, kar\u0161\u010dio d\u0117ka \u0161is pigmentas virsdavo ry\u0161kiai m\u0117lyna spalva. Tam kad objektas \u012fgaut\u0173 daugiau blizgesio, kartais jis b\u016bdavo papildomai padengiamas \u0161vino glaz\u016bra. \u0160is procesas \u017einomas olandi\u0161ku \u2018kwaarten\u2019 terminu.<\/p>

\"\"
Antikvarinis keramikos degimo indas, 1625 - 1800<\/figcaption><\/figure>

Paruo\u0161ti glaz\u016bruoti dirbiniai b\u016bdavo sudedami \u012f specialius degimo indus, kurie apsaugodavo juos nuo liepsn\u0173 ir d\u016bm\u0173 degimo krosnyje metu. Dirbiniai specialiuose degimo induose b\u016bdavo atskiriami tribriaun\u0117mis tarpin\u0117mis. \u0160ios palikdavo ma\u017eus \u012fspaudus glaz\u016broje indo apa\u010dioje ar blogojoje pus\u0117je. Tod\u0117l \u0161ie \u012fspaudai yra vienas i\u0161 skiriam\u0173j\u0173 antikvarin\u0117s Delfto keramikos bruo\u017e\u0173. Tas pats taikytina ir ma\u017eiems glaz\u016bros netobulumams. Glaz\u016bros nuskilimai yra labai naudingi norint \u012fsitikinti antikvarinio Delfto keramikos dirbinio autenti\u0161kumu. Vietos, kuriose nuskilusi glaz\u016bra atidengia \u0161iltos, \u0161viesiai rusvos spalvos ir \u0161iek tiek rupios tekst\u016bros molio pagrind\u0105, primenant\u012f sm\u0117l\u012f ar plyt\u0105, liudija keramikos gaminio am\u017ei\u0173 ir laikotarpiui b\u016bdingas gamybos med\u017eiagas.<\/p>

\"\"
Degimo indo tarpini\u0173 \u017eym\u0117s ir glaz\u016bros netobulumai<\/figcaption><\/figure>

Kitas i\u0161skirtinis antikvarin\u0117s Delfto keramikos bruo\u017eas yra glaz\u016bros pavir\u0161iuje aptinkami ma\u017ei, glaz\u016bra nepadengti ta\u0161kiukai, anglakalb\u0117je vartosenoje dar vadinami \u2018peppering\u2019. \u0160ie netobulumai atsirasdavo kai oro burbuliukai \u012fstrig\u0119 glaz\u016broje, susprogin\u0117davo gaminio pavir\u0161iuje degimo krosnyje metu. Tod\u0117l jeigu susid\u016br\u0117te su Delfto keramikos gaminiu pasi\u017eymin\u010diu itin lygia glaz\u016bra, be menkiausi\u0173 nuskilim\u0173 ar kit\u0173 netobulum\u0173, tur\u0117tum\u0117te b\u016bti itin atsarg\u016bs. Tobuli antikvariniai pavyzd\u017eiai yra itin reti, ir kadangi did\u017eioji dalis \u0161i\u0173 gamini\u0173 buvo skirti praktiniam naudojimui, nereik\u0117t\u0173 steb\u0117tis nedideliais nuskilimais ties dirbinio briaunomis ar pagrindu.<\/p>

Prie\u0161ingai populiarai nuomonei, did\u017eioji dalis Delfto keramikos dirbtuvi\u0173 ne\u017eenklino savo gamini\u0173. Keramikos \u017eenklinimas kiek i\u0161populiar\u0117jo XVII a. antrojoje pus\u0117je, ta\u010diau XVIII a. v\u0117l \u0117m\u0117 nykti.<\/p>

Alavo glaz\u016bros technika Delfto meistr\u0173 naudota iki ma\u017edaug 1850-\u0173j\u0173. Tod\u0117l gaminius sukurtus tarp 1620 ir 1850 galime vadinti antikvarine Delfto keramika. Po 1850 Delfto meistrai per\u0117m\u0117 naujas, modernias gamybos technikas, tod\u0117l keramikos sukurtos v\u0117lesniu laikotarpiu nereik\u0117t\u0173 painioti su antikvariniais pavyzd\u017eiais.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

At the height of production in the late 17th century, there were no fewer than 33 potteries in Delft. The process of making and firing earthenware could take as long as two weeks, from preparing the clay to cooling the finished product and preparing it for sale. Delftware was made using a clay mixture comprised […]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6118,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[58],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6114","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-inspiration"],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/ml9wdgkxdknp.i.optimole.com\/cb:VM3f.33c0d\/w:auto\/h:auto\/q:mauto\/f:best\/https:\/\/www.pentimenti.lt\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/09\/header_hoe_werd_da_gemaakt.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pentimenti.lt\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6114","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pentimenti.lt\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pentimenti.lt\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pentimenti.lt\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pentimenti.lt\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6114"}],"version-history":[{"count":76,"href":"https:\/\/www.pentimenti.lt\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6114\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6235,"href":"https:\/\/www.pentimenti.lt\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6114\/revisions\/6235"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pentimenti.lt\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6118"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.pentimenti.lt\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6114"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pentimenti.lt\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6114"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.pentimenti.lt\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6114"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}